Will the real Cheese, please stand up

Despite my folks and relatives avoiding most dairy cow products, I love non-vegan cheese. Look, don't get me wrong, "cheese" product made with cashews is fine as a spreadable cheese, but sometimes, you just want to make a gooey grilled cheese sandwich (because it's now autumn and roasted tomato basil soup + grilled cheese sandwiches are delicious), add some cheddar to ramen noodles, or nibble on cheese blocks with cured slices of meat.

Here's what's in a typical plain cashew cheese recipe:

• raw cashews (1 cup cashews = 1 cup of cheese product)
• nutritional yeast (for flavor)
• fresh lemon juice
• garlic powder, black pepper, (optional flavorings)
• salt

Here's what's in a typical cow milk-based cheese recipe:

• whole cow milk (1 gal = 8 oz farmer's cheese)
• fresh lemon juice
• salt, optional

What goes into a farmhouse cheddar cheese recipe:

• whole cow's milk
• plain yogurt or active kefir with probiotics
• rennet (to make a firmer cheese)
• animal: stomach lining of young cows, sheep, or goats
• vegetarian: derived from plants such as thistle, nettle, artichokes, figs, or caper leaves
• salt
• butter (dairy milk fat) or lard (rendered pork fat) - used to coat the finished pressed cheese
• unchlorinated water

And for a vegan "spreadable" cheese product that can be used as a replacement to make "meltable" cheese in a grilled cheese sandwich (recipe ratio from the Minimalist Baker):

• raw cashews
• peeled carrots
• water
• tapioca starch
• nutritional yeast
• apple cider vinegar
• salt
• garlic powder
• ground mustard
• ground tumeric (for color)

If you're thinking that nut-based cheeses don't have saturated fat like animal products, think again because 1 ounce of cashews has 2.2 grams of saturated fat. 1 cup of raw cashews in a typical cashew cheese recipe will have 17.6 grams of saturated fat. 1 cup of whole cow milk has 8 grams of saturated fat. Contrary to how the anti-cow media has presented dairy to the public, whole milk is the healthier of the two.

Cost-wise, about the same in 2023 prices comparing raw cashews to organic whole milk.

Prep time:

• dairy cheese: assuming you didn't have to milk the cow and picked up at least a gallon of non- or low pasturized milk from the grocery store; a couple hours for farmer's cheese/ricotta/cream cheese; 3-4 weeks minimum for aged cheddar cheese; mozzarella in less than an hour
• vegan cheese: can be made in 1-2 days (raw cashews need to be pre-soaked)

The other downside to cashew "cheese" is that it has the consistency of chunky cream cheese and is used wherever a 'spread" or the look of the "cheese" in the finished cooked product doesn't matter. E.g., as a substitute for ricotta cheese in lasagna or ravioli, as a sauce or spread used with crackers.

Post-Pandemic Pantry Management, pt 2

How you store food items makes a big difference in how long the food can be safely stored.

Apples can stay firm for about a week without refrigeration (in the Pacific Northwest); but as it gets warmer and there is less humidity in the air, the apples will start to wrinkle and become not as firm. They'll start to rot after four weeks at room temperature without refrigeration during winter/spring, maybe faster during summer/fall. They can last a lot longer when kept in a sealed plastic bag in the refrigerator for a month or more; but not longer than six months. 

During each year of the pandemic, I dehydrated about 40 pounds of organic apples, some with the skin on and some with the skin peeled off. That is another way to create a sugar-free snack with a very long shelf life. I would recommend that you eat these dehydrated apple rings before the following year; but the apple rings are still edible, they're not as tasty as when they came out of the dehydrator.

Is that too long? Hahaha. By then, the apples, if you got them on sale and have not done anything with them, you could still chop them up and cut off the bad parts and use the fruit in a pie or bread or make applesauce.

Fresh lemons and limes can be stored in lidded Cambro containers (food-safe plastic). Costco now carries the 2-quart Cambro containers ($15/4 containers) which is a great price; considering that I used to buy these containers from a restaurant supply store. I generally put as many as the container can hold, up to three lemons and/or limes a quart-sized container. If you want, you can also add a clean folded paper towel at the bottom to absorb any condensation. Stored in the refrigerator, these fresh fruits can keep for about a month without wrinkling or drying out.

Fresh eggs:

Always refrigerated. I reorganized the shelves in my refrigerator so that these egg flats can fit on the top shelf. However, I also buy 4 dozen organic eggs at a time (from Costco) and for me, it's about a month's worth of eggs.

Butter/Ghee:

I typically store 4-8 pounds of butter; half in the freezer and half in the refrigerator. And generally, one stick of butter sits on a dish in my cupboards at room temperature regardless of the season we're in. Except for summer when the cupboard temperature rises above 80 F, then it gets stored in the refrigerator.

I keep ghee in a mason jar at room temp.

Washington State's apple season

This would likely explain why my franken apple tree (has 5 varieties of apples grafted to its trunk) only produces 1-2 apple varieties per growing season. Each major branch represents a type of apple. Though, the identification tags have fallen off the tree. At least one of the varieties is golden delicious.

Washington State's apple season typically runs from August to November, with the peak harvest occurring in September and October. The harvest dates vary depending on the apple variety, with some varieties ripening earlier or later than others.

By apple variety:

• August: Gala, Fuji, Honeycrisp, and Pink Lady

• September: Granny Smith, Golden Delicious, and Jonathan

• October: Braeburn, Cripps Pink, and Mutsu

• November: Empire, Rome, and Stayman Winesap

Post-Pandemic Pantry Management, pt 1

The pandemic and risk of COVID-19 certainly changed how I shopped for groceries and how often I shopped at which stores for particular food items: 

• seasonal organic fruits and vegetables (Chuck's produce)

• organic dairy and snacks (Trader Joe's)

• bulk pantry items such as rolled oats, toilet paper, fresh eggs, fish, or rice (Costco)

• meat, packaged food, canned goods (Fred Meyers)

Pre-pandemic (2019 and earlier) Chuck's, Trader Joe's, and Fred Meyers' groceries were purchased on an as-needed basis, mostly weekly visits. Costco purchases are at most once per month, or less. During the pandemic where protective masks were mandatory for retail stores, Chuck's, Trader Joe's, and Costco stores were visted once per month or less; and Fred Meyers became my go-to store for every day fresh produce and groceries. 

Today in 2023, with inflation and supply chain issues affecting food prices, I am visiting Fred Meyers less than once per month, but about once per month for the other stores. Primarily, this is because Fred Meyers does not carry a decent selection of organic anything (meat, eggs, fruits, or vegetables) at a reasonable price.

The quality of fresh items such as fruit, vegetables, and dairy became an issue during and immediately after the pandemic from both Chuck's Produce and Trader Joe's. Refrigerated dairy spoiled faster than the "use by" date and fresh vegetables rotted quicker. Don't even get me started on apples. The apples from Chuck's Produce, especially when purchased off-season, were all rotten inside. The apples certainly still looked pretty on the outside, but once you cut into the apple, the apple flesh looked as though it had been in cold storage for a year. It was awful.

New rules to prevent food waste:

• purchase enough fresh fruit or vegetable for a week

• eat or cook the recently purchased vegetables within a week of purchase

• always check expiration dates on packaged dairy (milk, cottage cheese, yogurt)

• seasonal produce from farmed produce (e.g., apples from WA state, pears from OR state, oranges from CA, grapefruit from TX/FL) - only buy these fruits when in the producing state's season

• you'll get mixed results between sweet and terrible when buying "seasonal" fruit that comes from outside the US (e.g., grapes/peaches/nectarines/plums from Mexico; kiwi fruit from Australia/New Zealand)

• bananas are an exception since they ripen after harvest

Homemade Buckwheat Noodles

How to make soba noodles from scratch. I looked on YouTube for the buckwheat to flour ratio, and the first recommended video was on Japanese 101 cooking. In the video, the demonstrator cooks up a package of soba noodles and proceeds to plate it with other ingredients. This is not what homemade noodles means! So anyways. This recipe ratio is from Food52, and I must say, if you sub the spelt flour for all purpose flour, the taste is.. hideous. I mean, it doesn't taste like any commercially made soba noodle I ever ate at home or at a restaurant. I don't quite know what spelt flour tastes like; though I've heard it is a healthier alternative to all purpose white flour; even though spelt is just hulled wheat berries. It makes me wonder what the actual difference is between "white" unbromated/unbleached flour and spelt flour since both are using hulled wheat. Maybe it's a marketing thing. It simply boggles the mind how we lie to ourselves about what is and isn't healthy for food ingredients. Though, I've read that while spelt is a wheat, it's a cousin of modern wheat and more nutritious. I digress. This post isn't about the nuances of wheat plants.

For the noodles...

1 c buckwheat flour + more for rolling
1/2 c kamut or white spelt flour (can substitute AP flour)

up to 150 ml hot water

For my climate (Pacific Northwest) and season (late summer), there is some humidity in the air and I used 120 ml of water in this batch which made 10.78 oz of fresh noodles.

Directions

In a bowl, mix the two flours together and gradually add hot water until a shaggy/rough dough forms. Sprinkle buckwheat flour onto your work surface and knead the dough until all the flour is combined (no dry spots remain) and the dough ball is smooth.

Once you have rolled the dough out into a big rectangle. Sprinkle the dough with buckwheat flour, then fold the top third down and the bottom third up, like you are folding a 3-page brochure. You can trim the edges if straight edges are important to your noodle making but it is not necessary since they come out terribly shaped no matter how you cut these with a chef knife. 

With your hands, shape it into a rectangular blob and start rolling it out until it is 1/4 a centimeter thick. Tessie Woo cuts her noodles thicker for her dish on Food52, but I'm sure you've had noodles that you've either bought at the store or had at a restaurant. Cut the noodles to that imaginary width. For me, I aimed for 1/4 to 1/2 centimeter wide, which is still pretty wide for a soba noodle.

Toss the cut noodles in buckwheat flour to prevent the noodles from sticking to each other.

Bring a pot of water to a boil. Add a large handful of noodles to the water. Boil for 1-2 minutes, then drain and rinse in cold water or let drain/cool in an ice water bath.

End notes:

I think I'll stick to making ramen noodles from scratch. While they take longer to prep, they don't have the grainy "I'm eating sand" texture that buckwheat noodles have.

Kitchen Notes: Yeast, Part II

The type of bread yeast used depends marginally on the type of breads you are making and how controlled the environment is for bread making (bread machine vs oven). If you're not an avid baker, you are not going to know the difference between the types of yeast nor should you (there really is no difference, unless you need the yeast to ferment faster in a shorter span of time). Is it a noticeable difference in taste? Hmm, that'd be like comparing the taste differences in same flavor carbonated water of different brands where the mineral ratio of different water sources and final product pH are what makes the taste difference.

Did you know that the company that makes SAF also makes Red Star?

Types of Bread Yeast

• Active Dry Yeast (what I use in all these recipes) - requires warm water to activate
• Instant Yeast - does not need to be proofed before using; also known as Fast-Rising, Rapid-Rise, Quick Rise, or Bread Machine Yeast
• Fresh Yeast (this is exceptionally hard to find in the US) - same organism as the active dry or instant yeast and packaged in small bars or cake form; short shelf life
• Osmotolerant Yeast - specific to sweet doughs, such as cinnamon rolls, danishes, or brioche rolls; SAF Gold Instant Yeast

What about Nutritional Yeast? Well sorry, you can't use it like the aforementioned bread yeasts. This yeast is for eating. It's high in B-vitamins and is sometimes used as a flavor replacement for dairy cheese in some vegan recipes. It brings a savory taste to some dishes, such as popcorn-style (breaded and deep fried) cauliflower florets.

Brands of Yeast Commonly Found in the US:

• Red Star
• SAF
• Fleischmann's (typically in 3-pouch packets and 4-oz jars)

Additives in Yeast (and what they do):

• alpha-amylase (food enzyme that helps in processing starch)
• ascorbic acid (weakens the gluten in longer fermented breads, helps the dough relax and increases a faster rise); you'll know if a miller has added it to the flour because it'll be listed on the ingredient label (required by law)
• calcium sulphate (yeast food; also, this is Plaster of Paris)
• sorbitan monostearate (abbreviation SMS), or Span 60, is an emulsifier esterified from sorbitol and stearic acid with the European food additive

Examples of Yeast with Additives:

• SAF Red Instant Yeast: Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), sorbitan monostearate, ascorbic acid
• Hovis Yeast: Dried Yeast (92%),Stabiliser (Calcium Sulphate),Emulsifier (Sorbitan Monostearate),Flour Treatment Agents (Ascorbic Acid, Enzyme (Alpha Amylase)
• Red Star Organic Instant Dry Yeast: Organic Yeast, Ascorbic Acid. Contains: wheat
• SAF Gold Label instant yeast: Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), sorbitan monostearate, ascorbic acid

Uses:

• SAF Gold Instant Yeast for doughs with 10% or more by weight added sugar
• SAF Red Instant Yeast or Red Star Instant Dry Yeast for regular "lean" breads, less than 5% sugar
• Fresh yeast for a long, slow rising time

Alternatives to Commercial Bread Yeast:

• Barm, a beer-making byproduct from the 1st or 2nd fermentation stage that's usually tossed by the brewer; used extensively in pre-19th century cooking; learn how to do this at The Fresh Loaf, My Love of Baking, or Joe Pastry
• Wild Yeast, probably not going to happen in an urban environment or if you live in a downtown metropolitan area; useful in making a brewing starter, sourdough starter, or homemade natural sodas
• Make a wild yeast starter using juniper berries
• Fruits with wild yeast: juniper berries, elderberries, wild grapes, blueberries, figs, Oregon grape berries
• Substitution: per 1 tsp yeast = 0.5 tsp lemon juice and 0.5 tsp baking soda -- this produces a chemical reaction (carbon dioxide) in the dough that causes the bread to rise. You can use this in sweet breads (not offals) such as banana bread or a quick bread.

Kitchen Notes: Yeast, Part I - Active Dry Yeast

You may have noticed this year that not only did 5, 10, and 20 lb bags of all purpose flour (white and wheat, bleached and unbleached) flew off the grocery store, restaurant grocery outlet, and big box store shelves (e.g., Walmart, Costco), but also all types of bread yeast all but disappeared in the last three months. The last time I saw a brick of Red Star Yeast (active dry) at Costco was back in March. It reappeared briefly on Costco.com in late August this year, but has since then disappeared and never actually showed up on the shelves at my local Costco. Forget supermarkets, they have been out of yeast for months. I guess people are just going to be stuck with non-yeast recipes to use with all that flour. It isn't a bad thing. Recipes such as pancakes, crepes, scones, crackers, some flatbreads (spring onion pancakes), tortillas, cookies, etc., don't use yeast at all.

A reasonably priced 1.5 lb to 2.0 lb brick should cost you roughly $5 at Costco (versus $7-10 for that 4-oz jar at the grocery store), or between $7-10/brick at an online retailer who sells to consumers, such as King Arthur Flour; though, you might not appreciate the minimum $69 order at KAF to qualify for free shipping. And, forget about ordering via Amazon. Who knows how old that stuff is or how it was stored.

Stop buying those 3-pocket packages and 4 oz jars of yeast from the grocery store. If you bake a lot of yeasted items (or brew a lot of ginger beer), you're better off cost-wise to buy a yeast brick. It's called a brick because of how the yeast is packaged. It's vacuum sealed and has a dry shelf life of 2 years.. or longer after you open it if you do the following:

• store in a freezer-safe freezer jar in the freezer (bring up to room temp before using)
• store in a glass jar in the refrigerator, use as needed

I am still using active dry yeast that I bought that had originally expired (according to its manufacturing label) in 2016. But, while I'm an avid baker, I do not make yeasted bread items on a regular basis.

You might have noticed that hardly anyone touched the gluten-free flours or already made gluten-free breads at both the grocery and big box supermarkets, or the bulk retailers. That is probably because all that gluten-free nonsense is just that.. marketing nonsense. Though, it's estimated that there are 18 million Americans with gluten sensitivity.

Ninja Foodi Recipes Made in December

For whatever reason, I started logging what I made in the Foodi. What has turned into a daily breakfast item are soft boiled eggs. After figuring out the right combination of time and which pressure setting, these are extremely easy to make. A lot better than the randomness by stovetop method.

The inaugural dish I tried in the Foodi was crispy fried BBQ chicken wings using raw, frozen chicken wings. Initially, it looked fantastic. However, the chicken wings were perfectly cooked at the pressure cooker stage. The amount of time that the Foodi recommends for crisping it up with the Crisper lid (air fryer) is way too long and the end result. I have divided this list into successes and failures.

Success!

• jasmine rice, pressure cooked
• soft boiled eggs, pressure cooked
• Tamari Garlic Roasted Almonds, air fryer
• Beef stew w/ Yukon potatoes, pressure cooked
• hashbrown patties, air fryer
• herbed lamb shoulder, air fryer
• whole roasted herb chicken, pressure cooked/air fryer
• dehydrated apple chips, air fryer/dehydrate setting
• quinoa chocolate cake muffins from box mix
• whole roasted salt and pepper chicken, pressure cooked/air fryer
• chicken stock w/ bay leaf, garlic, carrots, and celery from chicken bones
• pork bone broth using pork neck bones
• whole roasted garlic, air fryer
• reheated lasagna, air fryer

!Fail

• Sriracha BBQ chicken - overcooked & bland; remedy: don't use frozen chicken and marinate it first
• cinnamon apple sauce - too watery (don't use Instant Pot's recipe ratio)
• Air Crisp chickpeas - not crispy
• Air Crisp toasted baguette w/ gouda and garlic butter - cooked/dried out baguette, didn't have the golden brown toasted look of toasted bread
• steamed broccoli - so overcooked I could have blended it into a soup

Kitchen notes: Ninja Foodi review

I'd been thinking about getting an air fryer or a food dehydrator all year; but I couldn't quite get myself to commit on price for unit features for a single use appliance. The Ninja Foodi at my local Costco ($189.99 regular, $149.99 holiday sale) was already significantly below the retail price that can be found at Target ($229.99 regular), Amazon (currently $189.99 holiday sale), or my local Kroger-owned grocery store ($299.99 regular, $239.99 holiday sale). Shopping in Oregon saved me $12.60 in retail sales tax; and I picked up the unit a week before Thanksgiving. 

Item number: Ninja Foodi OP305CO

Product review:

The appliance itself is pretty big at 6.5 quarts. It's like having a columnar-shaped, medium sized microwave oven on the counter top. It stands tall enough to not fit inside nor under any of the kitchen cabinets; and the base unit is heavy enough to not want to move it from the kitchen counter. That said, if you can spare the counter space, it'll be a good complementary appliance for liquid-based cooking, "baking", air frying, and dehydrating. I have yet to try the dehydrating or slow cooker functions on the Foodi. And, I have no desire to make yogurt. That said, given the number of appliances that this replaces, it's good for homes or apartments with a small kitchen. Though, it might be a stretch to say that the Ninja Foodi is a multitool for your kitchen if you already have an oven/stove.

The hardest part about using the Foodi? Figuring out how the pressure cook lid fits onto the unit. like which way the lid turns and such. Probably took me a half hour to figure it out after unboxing.

Making food in the Foodi requires attention to detail and timing. Most pressure cooked or air fryer recipes need you to be attentive to timing for natural or quick release, and also to flip or stir the foods if air frying. It's not a single-use, set it and forget it appliance.

Time saved:

You are not going to save any time on ingredient prep. If you don't count that as part of how long it takes to make a recipe, you are deluding yourself into thinking that this appliance (and others like it, e.g., Instant Pot) will help you cook meals faster. 

It saves some time but not much; and it depends on what you are cooking. When you are making soft boiled eggs, it takes 7 minutes plus whatever time the unit needs to warm up and/or come up to low pressure. So the eggs that might take 10 minutes by stove method, might actually take 15 minutes in the pressure cooker. But you get perfectly cooked eggs in the Foodi and the eggs don't break or explode from the radical change in temperature from the fridge to boiling water like it does sometimes in a pot on the stove. Also, pay attention because even after the timer stops, the eggs will continue cooking as the unit cools down. Yes, you can burn eggs (in shell) if you leave the eggs in the Foodi and forget to quick release.

Beef stew by stove top has a cooking time of about an hour. In the Foodi, it still took an hour. 

Clean up:

The primary cooking bowl and air fryer basket are both nonstick surfaces and are easy to clean off with a soft rag and warm soapy water... if you wash immediately after removing food that has just been cooked. Clean the stainless steel racks that come with the Foodi if any food gets burnt or stuck on. Like most things in life, don't wait so long that cleaning becomes an actual chore.

Diversity of recipes:

Not so much. You would think there'd be more with Instant Pot debuting in 2010. Though, we have to thank the creative genius behind Instant Pot marketing for how popular these appliances are today. No longer are pressure cookers associated with the Boston Marathon or domestic terrorism. Now you can create delicious food in half the time with a pressure cooker. 

Just simple American recipes are out there, in cookbooks, on recipe blogs, and from manufacturer's websites.You can almost use Instant Pot and Ninja Foodi pressure cooker recipes interchangeably. You'll want to refer back to the food temp/cooking charts from Ninja. Apple sauce in an Instant Pot calls for more water than apple sauce in a Ninja Foodi. Also, most air fryer recipes will work with the Ninja Foodi Air Crisp settings. If using the crisping basket, this more volume than a standalone air fryer basket.

The Ninja Foodi is not a replacement for any food dish requiring the burnt/charred look for toast, baguettes, creme brulée, steak, or anything grilled via fire. Yes, it can do a frozen steak by pressure cooking and air frying; and it'll be cooked to medium-raw; but it won't have that just-got-off-the-grill look with the air fryer.

The more water-based your dish is, the more you're going to appreciate the cooking features of the Foodi.

Kitchen Notes: Garden Seed Starts, 2019

This spring I have been 'composting' a lot of the vegetable scraps directly into the raised garden beds to amend the soil. Generally this just involves digging a hole, dropping in some non-meat food waste, enslaving red wrigglers (worms) that I find lurking under my patio pots, and covering it with topsoil. A week or month later, the food is gone and I have nice dark rich earthy-smelly soil. Perfect for...

Despite the very warm start of May, I have not planted anything new in that raised bed. I should probably move all the flowering bulbs out of the vegetable garden bed into its own area at some point. Half of my rosemary bush on the side yard died when some boards from the fence fell on it during winter. Oh, and I picked up a rhubarb plant. That'll get put into the side yard as soon as I dig out the Prima apple tree that didn't seem to have survived our freak spring snow days in April. It's just as well.

The gold potato "seed" starts from sprouted potatoes in my pantry seems to be leafing very well. For months they were in a pot on the backyard side-of-the-house that gets less than four hours of sunlight, also covered by leaf mulch. Just last week I moved the pot to the backyard patio and it seems to be doing well.

The russet potato "seed" starts don't seem to be doing much at all. How long do I have to wait until the sprouts turn into leaves?

As for other plant "cuttings", I have some romaine lettuce that is regrowing its leaves nicely after having eaten the rest in a salad, I wonder if I should plant them down into soil now that they're starting to grow roots in the yogurt cups I have the plants in.

Kitchen Notes: Sourdough Starter

Part of the reason to make your own is so that you don't buy the cup of refrigerated starter from some (un)known company at the grocery store for what amounts to a lot of time and an inexpensive amount of flour. I probably should have started this in say.. summer, when the ambient temperature of my kitchen was in the 70s. Alas, I suppose it'll take longer than the week proposed by King Arthur Flour. They have a non-refrigerator/non-freezer method of preserving your starter too. Which, by the looks of it, reads like it is better than the valuable storage space in the refrigerator/freezer...basically you take the finished sourdough starter as if you were going to use it and dry it out at room temp across several days on parchment paper, then store the dried starter in an airtight container.

Anyhow. Back to the starter. I am not reposting KAF's instructions, but I am going to detail what I am doing with this attempt. Previous tries at sourdough breads have resulted in my killing the starter after I used a portion of it to bake a sourdough bread. It feels bad to waste food ingredients; but alas, you can use discarded starter in a number of recipes that call for bread dough: pizza crust, pretzels, etc.

Day 1, Jar 1:
1/2 c dark rye flour + 1/2 c warm water

Day 2, Jar 1:
Half removed, added 1 scant cup AP flour + 1/2 c warm water

Day 2. Jar 2 (essentially, now I have two Jar 1s):
Jar1 Discard + 1 scant cup AP flour + 1/2 c warm water

Day 3, Jar 1 & Jar 2:
Half removed from each jar and placed in Jar 3 (which will be refrigerated for later use)

and so on, so far, I am only on Day 2.

Kitchen Notes: Canning Unsweetened Fruit Juice

I thought about making a mixed berry jam using the berries that have been in the freezer; but my pantry currently suffers from a glut of uneaten jams. To convert this into the base of a drink spritzer, take an equal amount of a basic sugar syrup (1:1 ratio of sugar to water, boiled together and volume reduced by half) and add it to the juice. Then add up to a 1/4 c of the juice mixture to a glass with ice and sparkling water (or sparkling wine).

TheFoodening Blog - Unsweetened Mixed Berry Juice

I just needed to free up some freezer space for my dumplings. Anyhow. Onto the process.

This batch had a lot of seeds! OMG. So many tiny seeds to filter out. I batch strained the solids 2-3 times (the -3rd time was the thick goo leftover in the strainer and I let it drip out overnight in the fridge in a bowl).

1/2 lb boysenberries, from the farmers market - big, ripe and not really sweet
1 lb strawberries - uhh, I froze them whole so the stems were still there
1 qt blueberries - these have been in the freezer for a while, a couple years; picked at Majestic Farm Blueberries a few miles away

I am not sure why I tossed in the remainder of an opened jar of Fonseco port, but a bit more than a cup of port is also in this "juice".

Crock it all together in a slow cooker for a few hours on LOW.

Made: 5 half pints

Hatch Chile Salsa, version 2

Can't say I've been making or trying out new things this year in the kitchen. Life, the universe, and everything has been busy. I've stopped making the crockpot apple butter because it simply yields more jars than I can reasonably give away as gifts. Besides all the hassle of making the apple butter, nobody is eating it. Bummer. Anyhow.

Homemade salsa is always a winner. There is more to it than just eating it with chips, tacos, or nachos. Salsa goes into a variety of recipes. In July I did a control batch of salsa; basically the heat base is from a dozen green jalapenos and two red jalapenos. It is surprisingly mild; though, probably has a little more heat than the hatch chile salsa.

This season, I've altered the hatch chile salsa ingredient ratio that I used in the previous year. It currently includes:

4 large green jalapenos, seeded and stemmed, then diced
12 tomatillos, quartered
5# red tomatoes, stemmed, chopped
1 bunch fresh cilantro. finely chopped
2 heads of garlic, peeled and chopped
1.5 lbs prepared hatch chiles (picked this up from Trader Joes)
12 fresh hatch chiles, prepared (roasted, peeled, seeded, chopped) -- this surprisingly only made 1 cup of prepared chiles
1 green bell pepper, stemmed/seeded, then diced
2 tbsp sea salt
1/4 c fresh lime juice

This batch made 7 pints total: 6 pints plus 2 half pint jars

I'm sure that omitting the red tomatoes would have just made it a salsa verde (or green salsa) but I like the sweetness that tomatoes bring to salsa.

Yeah, the processing was different too. Because it took so long to prep all the ingredients, I ended up only boiling the ingredients together (except for the jalapenos, cilantro, green bell pepper, salt. and lime juice) for 1.5 hrs. Then I let it all cool down and stuck the pot into the refrigerator until I could complete the recipe. Fact of it is, I didn't have fresh limes on hand. Ooops.

By the end of the week (today), I managed to get around to preparing and adding the rest of the ingredients. Before adding the remaining ingredients, I tasted the salsa. A little bland, but what did I expect, I hadn't salted it. Also, it lacked the spicy heat of chiles, even though more than two pounds of processed hatch chile peppers went into the batch. I also pureed it to a not-chunky consistency with the immersion blender. 

For texture, I diced the green jalapenos and green bell pepper at this stage.

The salsa pot might have been simmering on the stove for an hour more or so; then I added the jalapenos, bell pepper, cilantro, salt, and lime juice and cooked the batch for a half hour more to help preserve the color of the bell pepper and cilantro.

I did not blend the salsa before putting these into prepared jars and into a 15-minute boiling water bath.

Canning 2018

The part about food blogging that bugs me is that if I don't write something up as I am doing the recipe or series, it doesn't get written up at all. Now I have to look at my old social media posts to see if I did any canning in 2017 other than a case of salsa (12 pints). I will surely update this post as the year progresses.

Bitters is a new experimentation series. Instead of taking the bitters class at OMSI, I thought I would just read up on it and try out the experiments myself instead of spending $130 on the course. Isn't that what the library and the Internet are for?

Here's what's been going on so far:

Extracts
Young ginger, 4 oz

Bitters
Cherry bitters, 4 oz

Liqueurs (vodka base, simple syrup sweetened)
coffee liqueur (Stumptown coffee base), 1 litre

Salsas
Control batch salsa (jalapeno peppers), 5.5 pints, 0.5 pints eaten already
Hatch chile salsa, 6 pints plus 2 half pints

Here's what's scheduled to be made:

strawberry liqueur
chocolate liqueur

Completed Extracts
Lemon extract, 1 pint
Vanilla bean extract, 1 pint
Bing cherry-infused bourbon, 1 pint
Cherry blossom extract, 4 oz

Kitchen Notes: Pantry Budgeting and Food Prices, part 1

I track a few stores for local prices (Costco, Fred Meyer, Trader Joe's, Walmart, and Chuck's Produce). Did you know that there are seasonal price variances for grocery items such as dairy, bacon, eggs, and rice? This gives me a general idea of when to stock up on canned goods and food for the freezer and pantry. I currently keep my pricing notes on the Google Notes app on my phone. I should also say that these prices reflect mostly Washington state, not Oregon and not Seattle where the cost of living is significantly higher than Vancouver, WA.

Have a hankering for fresh avocados? When avocados are in season, the best pricing comes from Costco for US-produced large avocados. For small-medium avocados, best pricing is from Walmart and those are imported from Mexico.

In an average year, cooking for one and seasonal canning/preserving. I'll typically use:

10# all purpose flour
5# sugar
1 gallon white vinegar
0.5# sea salt or kosher salt
1 qt tamari soy sauce (wheat free)
0.5 gallon unseasoned rice vinegar
4# unsalted butter (what can I say, I love butter)
2 liters olive oil

Bulk unbleached/unbromated flour is inexpensive. You can still get 10# of it from Fred Meyer for less than $5.

Currently in the US there is a surplus of dairy. There is so much overproduction of dairy products that a pound of brie cheese (Presidente brand) costs $5 and 2.5 lbs of Colby Jack/Havarti cheese will run you $7/pack at Costco. However, you might not see this savings with brands that are priced to compete at your local supermarket (e.g., private label supermarket brand vs Sargento, Daisy, Tillamook, etc.). If you aren't looking for double or triple cream brie, Costco pricing for brie cheese is the best among all tracked stores.

Also in mid-2017 pork products are noticeably on the rise in pricing, with 4 lbs of Kirkland bacon going for $20/pack or $5/lb. However, this rise has been going on since 2014 since the Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, or PEDv. The disease kills millions of piglets per year. You might have also seen an article about a decline in the frozen pork belly supply at the start of the year. There is significant demand for pork products and pork producers cannot keep up with supply.

There is a worldwide shortage of vanilla beans. This is following a glut of vanilla beans from 2004 which forced pricing down for farmers who then replaced their vanilla crops with more profitable ones such as sugar cane and coffee. The March 2017 cyclone storm that hit the Madagascar region wiped out 30% of vanilla crop production. To put Madagascar into the context of market size, the region grows 3,000 tons of vanilla; compared to Africa's Comoros region which produces 50 tons and Mexico which produces 100 tons. 

It'll be a long while before raw vanilla prices stabilize. This means if you are making a lot of baked goods or mixed beverages that call for vanilla, you may have to just buy vanilla beans in bulk and make your own vanilla extract. Price-wise, you can make a few liters of vanilla extract from lesser quality vanilla beans (grade B) for the same amount of money you'll dish out buying that 16 oz bottle of vanilla extract from Costco ($25, as of March 2017). You could use artificial flavorings, but at that point, you might as well skip the recipe altogether.

2017 retail price per vanilla bean: $6 (Cost Plus, Chuck's Produce, Fred Meyer, etc.). In a surplus year, per bean retail cost is $1.50-$2.00/bean. This is a labor-intensive, hand-produced crop after all.

Also rising in price is bulk sea salt. It used to be $0.30/lb (early 2016) at Fred Meyer and has now risen to $1.50/lb (Aug 2017). Fortunately, for most people, you don't really use that much of salt in a year, unless you're also curing meat and seafood products for jerky or smoked salmon. I have no explanation for the rise in salt prices, except that demand is high because winter storms have been more severe everywhere (municipalities purchasing more rock salt to combat ice/snow) and the US states that have manufacturing and distribution facilities are in regions hit hard by severe weather. Price increase is more likely due to increase in transportation costs than actual impact of weather or cultivation practices.

What affects pricing? Let's take a brief look at Texas. It's a state that produces the most cotton of the top 10 cotton-producing states in the US. In fact, Texas produces so much cotton that you can add up the total cotton production of the other 9 top cotton producing states and it doesn't even come close to what Texas produces. Just do any web search for "drought + Texas cotton" and you'll see which years the drought has heavily impacted cotton production. Look at the 10-year historic chart from NASDAQ for cotton prices. And then there was a market crash in cotton in 2011. What would have been a bumper cotton crop this year for Texas was nullified by the recent deluge of rain from hurricane Harvey. A cotton shortage means that pricing for similar products (synthetic and plant-based fiber--bamboo, modal, tencel, rayon [wood], and polyester [coal/oil/water]) that compete in the same market place--also rise because of demand for cotton substitutes.

Dairy

Cottage cheese isn't a healthy snack. While you can certainly find 'fat free' or 'low fat' versions of cottage cheese, perhaps consumers don't understand how this product is made. Take farmer's cheese which is produced when combining lemon juice or vinegar with heated whole milk (or low fat milk), strain out the curds, then mix those curds with heavy cream. Voila! Cottage cheese. So, anyhow. Here's more about seasonal dairy pricing.

Butter: $2.50/lb $3.50/lb

If you can get unsalted (or salted) butter for $2.00/lb stock up and freeze what you don't need. As long as the butter is rBGH-free, I haven't really seen a noticeable difference in taste and quality compared to organic butter other than my wallet is a lot lighter when I buy organic. 

Kirkland Butter (4 lbs), Oct/Dec/Jan/Jun 2016, $9.99 ($2.50/lb)
Kirkland Butter (4 lbs), May 2016, $10.49

Sour Cream:

Watch the labeling on this item. Some vendors list this by weight and others by volume. It is not the same. Most recipes call for the volume measurement of sour cream. 

The same could be said for fresh blueberries. You're more likely to get better pricing buying blueberries by the pound than by volume (typically sold in 'pint' packaging). A pound of fresh blueberries is roughly one quart by volume. You're better off picking local blueberries at a u-pick farm at $1.60/lb (this year's pricing at Majestic Farm Blueberries in La Center, WA) than buying at any grocery store or bulk retailer. Costco sells fresh, not local blueberries in 18 oz packages for up to $8/package.

Sells by the pound: Costco, Daisy
Sells by volume: Trader Joe's

Cheese:

Kirkland Mild Cheddar (2-lb block), $4 (late June 2016)
Tillamook Kolby/Jack Sliced Cheese (2.5 lb pack), $7.99 (Oct 2016)

Kitchen Notes: Preserving the Harvest

I realize now that making a case of salsa (12 pints) for the year was excessive, so I only made five more pints to go with the five pints leftover from last year's canned batch. Although, now that I am eating the stuff that didn't make it into the jar, this recipe ratio is really good. Slightly sweeter than the default batch. What a difference ripe tomatoes and sweet peppers make.

And the best part? No onions.

Makes: 5 pints + 1 cup
Heat: mild

Ingredient Ratio

1 green bell pepper, small dice
1 red bell pepper, small dice
1 orange bell pepper, small dice
12 tomatillos, washed/peeled, quartered
12 green jalapenos, stemmed/seeded
2 red Fresno chiles, stemmed/seeded
2 heads of garlic, cloves peeled and roughly chopped
5 lbs ripe vine tomatoes, quartered
1 bunch cilantro, finely chopped
juice of 2 fresh limes
2 tbsp kosher salt

Add all to a stockpot and bring to a boil. Cook for 1.5 hours.

I ended up having to cook this on a simmer heat for an additional hour to get to a salsa consistency (not watery and thick enough to be held on a tortilla chip). I also used a slotted spoon to fill the jars and I had more than a pint of 'salsa water' leftover, which I haven't used for anything.

The garlic got a rough chop in the food processor.

These items got pureed together: tomatillos, jalapenos, red Anaheim chiles

I also used an immersion blender, but didn't blend the whole batch. Though, the sauce wouldn't be in the chunky category for salsa.

I've been sterilizing washed jars in the oven at 170 F (lowest the oven can go) for 30 minutes.

The lids and bands, get the boiling water treatment. I have yet to get food poisoning using these methods.

Processed in a boiling water bath for 30 minutes. Really, canning time is just under an hour since after you add the jars to the water, it has to come back up to temperature, even though everything is already hot.

Remove from heat and set on racks to cool. Tap on lids after jars have cooled for an hour to check seals. Leave to cool completely for 24 hours. Once you're sure that the jars are sealed properly, you can store the jars with or without the metal band.

Kitchen Notes: Bourbon, ABV and Used in Cooking

Since having converted most of my sweet wines into jams or jellies, I haven't really had the need to stock anything other than rice wine for cooking savory dishes. But, the previous weekend I came into having 25 pounds of free, tree-ripened yellow peaches; most of which I managed to convert into edible jam.

In my research on pairing peach jam with an alcohol, there were plenty of suggestions for bourbon.. not whiskey, mind you, but good old fashioned Kentucky bourbon. And there's been quite a lot of drunken chatter on the Net about famous brands watering down their bourbon (looking at you Maker's Mark) while raising prices. Both versions of the peach jam came out tasting really good; except I can't taste the bourbon in either. Jim Beam is simply not a good choice for cooking with.

Among my foodie friends who also drink whiskey, I had many suggestions for bourbon brands to use in cooking:

Buffalo Trace
Eagle Rare
Four Roses
Jim Beam
Knob Creek

The last time I used a bourbon in cooking was for a Mardi Gras themed potluck where I made New Orleans Bread Pudding with a whiskey sauce using Makers Mark. It came out so tasty, that not only did people scoop into it before I could snap a photo, it was devoured long before the evening ended.

Personally, I have no tasting memory of whiskey, bourbon, or any of the variants in its class (cask strength, straight, blends, whatever). I wouldn't be able to discern between a 40% ABV or an overproof 51.5% ABV bourbon. Some people recommended a higher ABV because you need a strong flavor to survive the cooking process (in retrospect, they are correct) and others who suggested more mild, smoother tasting bourbons probably have not cooked with the lower ABV bourbons.

That said, the 40% ABV Jim Beam that I ended up using (cheapest of all the brands at Costco), I think I should have dished out more money and started my bourbon cooking quest with Knob Creek or Costco's private label of small batch bourbon (103% overproof), the latter of which is made by Clear Spring Distilling Company who also makes Buffalo Trace.

Here are the numbers from my Costco bourbon browsing:

Knob Creek small batch bourbon, 1 liter
100 proof (50% ABV)
$29.89 + wa tax $6.13 + ltr tax $2.83 = $37.85

Costco small batch bourbon, 1 liter
103 proof (51.5% ABV)
$28.99 + wa tax $5.94 + ltr tax $3.77 = $38.70

Makers Mark 46, 1 liter
94 proof (47% ABV)
$32.89 + wa tax $6.74 + ltr tax $2.83 = $42.46

.

Jim Beam, 1.75 liter
40% ABV
$22.39 + wa tax $4.59 + ltr tax $6.60 = $33.58

Maker's Mark, 1.75 liter
45% ABV
$44.99 + wa tax $6.74 + ltr tax $6.60 = $60.81

Kitchen Notes: Substitution for Trader Joe's Light Soy Sauce

From looking at the ingredients by fat/sugar/calorie ratios on Trader Joe's products, especially coconut milk, they do dilute their products a lot. I suspect that their soy sauce, now priced in this area at $3/bottle is just half soy sauce watered down by vinegar (news to me too!) and water. I swear I did not notice the vinegar on the ingredients list of Trader Joe's soy sauce until recently. And then, I ran out of it.

Which brings me to wonder if I could recreate the ingredient ratio based on per tablespoon sodium and calories. This is a ratio that I have refilled the TJ bottle with:

1 c Kikoman gluten-free tamari soy sauce (that's right, no wheat)
1/4 c Marukan rice vinegar (at 0 calories and 0 sodium, it's all flavor)
3/4 c filtered water

Shake it all together in the bottle. I have no idea if these liquids separate at all, e.g., if one is heavier than another. Seems to taste ok. A little watered down in appearance; but that's to be expected since wheat (gluten) is really a thickener in soy sauce.

Makes 2 cups.

Kitchen Notes: Salsa

Last year I forgot to write up the ingredient ratios for salsa. It was a really tasty batch too. This year, my local produce market had vine tomatoes on sale for $0.69/lb. I haven't seen prices like that since the early 2000s in southern California. Plus, Kerr jars were on sale as well and I picked up five cases of jars. Crazy huh?

The only thing I remember from last year's ratio was that I had more tomatoes than jalapenos which was my primary deviation from Harold Shifflett's video recipe. I also halved the salt.

Also last year, I made salsa with roasted hatch chilies. It was so tasty that it never got to the canning process. I ate it all. Whoops. 

Batch #1 yield: 5 pints, one half-pint

Kitchen Notes: Canning 2016

Canning started early this year, mostly because I thought I might try to make strawberry jam instead of just eating the strawberries fresh. This is what has been made so far. I am down to one pint jar of salsa (from 6 pints) from last year's canning and also one pint jar of pickled beets with whole cloves.

To do wish list

tomato salsa with hatch chiles
tomato salsa with tomatillos and jalapenos
peach bourbon jam
harissa with fresh chiles
harissa with dried chiles
pickled beets with cloves (very tasty, imho)
dill pickle spears

May

apricot-pineapple preserves: 1 pint, 3 half-pints, 1 four-oz jar
apricot-rosemary preserves: 3 half-pints, 4 four-oz jars
strawberry-basil preserves: 4 half-pints plus 8 oz in the fridge
strawberry port wine jam: 5 half-pints plus 8 oz in the fridge